Impact of Online gaming Communication on international communication processes

Table of Contents Introduction Evolution of Online Gaming Communication Advantages of Online Gaming Communication Demerits of Online Gaming Communication Discussion Conclusion Work Cited Introduction The 21st century has been characterized by many inventions and novel technological breakthroughs. The entertainment industry has been one sector which has been positively impacted by these technological advances with video games in particular exhibiting exponential growth. These games have in the course of a few decades advanced from their humble origins in the computer lab to a contemporary status as one of the leaders of the multibillion dollar global entertainment industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Online gaming Communication on international communication processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lin reveals that online games account for more than $10 billion in annual sales making them a lu crative part of the entertainment industry (220). Most of the popular video games have multiplayer modes and can be played online. Online games are increasingly characterized by computer mediated communication between the players. This communication is regarded as having significance in the international communication process. This paper will set out to argue that online gaming has mostly had a positive impact on the communication process. To reinforce this claim, this paper will discuss the advantages of online gaming as a medium for international communication. The demerits of the medium will also be pointed out so as to provide a balanced view. Evolution of Online Gaming Communication Online games have had significant advances which have made them attract a wide selection of players. Griffiths et al. assert that the stereotypical image of the online gamer as a socially withdrawn young male with limited sex role identify is misplaced since game clientele is very much an adult prof ile (86). The significant changes which have made online gaming an important medium for international communication processes are as follows. Traditional games were mostly run on a single player mode and it was not possible to interact with other players. The games played did not incorporate features like virtual environments and use of real time. Real time interaction is the defining characteristic of online games. The multiple players participate in real time events and individual players may be located in different geographical regions. Messages sent to other players can therefore be responded to in an instance. The user interface is an important aspect of the game since it enhances or limits the gaming experience of the player. In the past, user interfaces were simple and did not engage the user. At the present, the interfaces have been improved greatly and they include elaborate graphics effects, sound, 3D technology and high processing speeds. Choi and Kim reveal that the comm unication place in modern games has background graphics that provide an overall harmonious atmosphere thus promoting communication (17). Another significant change is the creation of multiple user personalities. In the past, users were confined to using similar characters in their online games. This led to duplicity and users could seldom express their own individuality.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Choi and Kim reveal that communication tools have advanced and now players can differentiate their identity more specifically by use of characters that are designed differently from others in an online game (22). Griffiths and Hussain state that the enhanced social interaction that is utilized in online games has increased the participation in these games (564). This is because social interaction allows the gamers to not only communicate amongst themselves but to form gro ups. Advantages of Online Gaming Communication Griffiths and Hussain state that the anonymity which is afforded by online communication gives confidence to people with low self-confidence in real life (564). The users are therefore able to experiment with positive communication styles such as assertiveness. Assertiveness is one of the styles of communication that is believed to enhance a person’s effectiveness in the communication process therefore leading to the most desirable outcomes. Bedell and Lennox articulate that assertiveness promotes interpersonal behavior that â€Å"attempts to maximize the person’s satisfaction of wants while considering the wants of other people† (23). In addition to this, research by Hussain and Griffiths indicated that online games were used by the players to alleviate negative feelings (752). These players used the online games to relieve themselves off loneliness and boredom as well as to reduce stress levels as well as annoyanc es and frustration that they experienced in real life. Video games therefore enable one to diffuse tensions and anger in the online environment where no real damage can be done to other people. Contemporary media has had accused of having the effect of killing of civic and social life. This is not the case with online gaming which calls for direct involvement and makes people active consumers of entertainment. Steinkuehler and Williams assert that â€Å"†game play is not a single, solitary interaction between an individual and a technology† (1). Rather, it is akin to people playing a game in a social setting such as a local pub and exchanging banter. A prominent feature of communication which occurs through online gaming is that it attracts people from different cultural backgrounds. This people may have their own unique perspective on life which makes the communication rich. While there may be some interpersonal conflicts as these heterogeneous people converge in the g roup setting, the communication results in new insights being gained concerning different cultures. Compared to real life, the communication that takes place in an online gaming environment makes people connect in an unusual way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Online gaming Communication on international communication processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frostling-Henningsson reveals that online gaming makes people connect in unusual ways. People who would in real life never interact are able to do so online (558). In the online environment, physical attribute, gender or even age do not play a significant role in interactions. Instead, personal attributes such as reputations and being a team player are what becomes important. As such, online gaming results in the development of relationships among strangers. Teamwork and cooperation are some of the most desirable attributes for online gamers (Fr ostling-Henningsson 559). As such, most communication is geared towards bringing about cooperation as players forge alliances or negotiate truces. Online communication therefore enhances negotiating skills in the players. Negotiation is defined as â€Å"communication for the purpose of persuasion (Shamir 34). The negotiation process is therefore a process by which parties to a dispute discuss possible outcomes to their conflict with each other. Freitas and Griffiths reveal that online games helped students to acquire language skills as their interacted with other players (536). In addition to this online gaming supported the electronic communication skills of the students therefore making them more adept in the electronic communication process (Freitas and Griffiths 536). Demerits of Online Gaming Communication Online gaming threatens to break the fabric of effective communication through the excessive use of shorthand and abbreviations. Effective communication is deemed as the cor ner stone on which any successful relationship, be it business or personal, is built (Adair 22). This habit is commonplace in online gaming so as to save on time. Using the same in the real world setting impedes on effective communication. Online games also promote the use of offensive language since the virtual world is characterized by a sense of lawlessness. These results in desensitization and people end up using foul language freely even in the real world. An interesting fact with regard to desensitization to using offensive language is that it occurs in subtle and minute quantities and one is seldom aware of its occurrence. In other words, engaging in some online video games may result in an increase in tolerance for offensive language. Online games result in addictions which can be detrimental to the functioning of an individual. Bach and Jordan document that while most people think that video game addiction is a joke, research indicates that there are pathological players wh o exhibit addictive behaviors similar to those of gambling addicts (1). The addictive ability of video games is blamed on the brain’s reward system which produces dopamine-induced euphoria. This gaming addiction may have a negative impact on the life of the gamer as well as the people around him. In a survey of a small community which had arcade machines, it was seen that the teenagers who were addicted to gaming opted to missing meals so that they could engage in gaming as well as engaging in antisocial activities such as stealing so as to finance their game addictions. These habits hurt their relationships with other people in the society.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion The world is quickly turning into a global village where the social, educational and entertainment needs of a person can be catered for online. From the above discussions, it can be seen that computer games have experienced significant changes as a result of advances in technology. These changes have made gaming communication feasible and even more widespread. The effects of this communication are felt in the real world. Lin asserts that individual’s behaviors and personalities have changed substantially as a result of online engagements (225). This underscores the influence that online gaming can have on the life of a person. Research by Griffiths et al further states that 72% of the players engaged in role-play which involved interacting with other players at some point in the game (87). This highlights the importance attached to the social element of online gaming. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that the advancement in online video communication has play ed a positive role in the international communication processes. The paper began by describing some of the significant changes that have occurred in online gaming and how they have impacted communication through the media. It has been noted that social interaction is a major component of online gaming and as a matter of fact, gaming online is not motivated by the wish to be alone; rather, it is socially motivated. The paper has then proceeded to demonstrate the various advantages that online gaming communication brings to the international communication efforts. It has been stated that online gaming presents a unique medium for interaction and it brings together people from diverse backgrounds. From this paper, it can be authoritatively stated that communication through online gaming has a positive impact on the international communication process. Work Cited Adair, John. Effective Communication: The Most Important Management Skill of All. New York: Pan Macmillan, 2009. Print. Bach, Peter and Jordan Charles. â€Å"At a Crossroads: Video Game addiction†, The ACM Student Magazine, 2006. Bedell, Jeffrey and Lennox Shelley. Handbook for Communication and Problem-solving Skills Training: a Cognitive-behavioral Approach. Los Angeles: John Wiley and Sons. 1997. Print. Choi, Dongseong and Kim Jinwoo. â€Å"Why People Continue to Play Online Games: In Search of Critical Design Factors to Increase Customer Loyalty to Online Contents†. Cyberpsychology Behavior, Volume 7, Number 1, 2004 Freitas, Sara and Griffiths Mark. â€Å"Online gaming as an educational tool in learning and training†. British Journal of Educational Technology, Vol 38 No 3 2007 535–537. Frostling-Henningsson, Maria. â€Å"First-Person Shooter Games as a Way of Connecting to People: ‘Brothers in Blood’’†. Cyberpsychology Behavior, Volume 12, Number 5, 2009 Griffiths, Mark at al. â€Å"Breaking the Stereotype: The Case of Online Gaming†. Cyb erpsychology Behavior, Volume 6, Number 1, 2003. Griffiths, Mark and Hussain Zaheer. â€Å"Excessive use of Massively Multi-Player Online Role-Playing Games: A Pilot Study†. Int J Ment Health Addiction, 2009, 7:563–571. Lin, Chieh-Peng. â€Å"Learning Online Brand Personality and Satisfaction: The Moderating Effects of Gaming Engagement†. Intl. Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 25(3), 220–236, 2009. Shamir, Yona. (2003). Alternative Dispute Resolution Approaches and their Application. PCCP Publications. Print. Steinkuehler, Constance and Williams Dmitri. â€Å"Where everybody knows your (screen) name: Online games as ‘third places’†. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(4), 2006. This essay on Impact of Online gaming Communication on international communication processes was written and submitted by user Casen Barber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

If You Love The Headline Analyzer, Just Wait Until You See This... Think #Social Media

If You Love The Headline Analyzer, Just Wait Until You See This... Think #Social Media Repeat what you know works. ^^^ Thats p-r-e-t-t-t-t-y good advice. And we know you LOVE the Headline Analyzer to help you optimize your content titles to get more traffic, higher search engine rankings, and more social shares. So YOU are getting a brand new FREE tool to help you get BIGGER results from your social media marketing! Its the Social Message  Optimizer. And it will help you boost your social media engagement for every message you write (and its 100% backed by REAL- and never-before-seen, proprietary- data)! When you use the Social Message  Optimizer, youll Stop guessing!  Learning + remembering the mechanics/best practices to write amazing messages for every social network is overwhelming  (to say the least). With the Social Message  Optimizer,  you have a clear starting point! Write your message, review how it will perform in every social network, and optimize it for each network  based on real data. Get immediate feedback to improve fast. Sometimes you just need to bounce ideas off someone to improve your work.  The Social Message  Optimizer is your expert social media consultant that is always available to help you A/B test + enhance your shares before you post them. Boost your engagement!  Capture more eyeballs with your messages to get even more likes, comments, shares, and link clicks than you do today. Optimize your messages according to social network best practices backed by science to increase your reach. I am envisioning you look like this right now: ^^^ And that is pretty much what I look like as Im writing this post, too, btw (so you are in good company)! Who knows you may even get private access to an exclusive pre-launch  period with the Social Message  Optimizer before it launches to the public. Now that that is out of the way What Exactly Is The Social Message  Optimizer? Its a tool that will help you  get more engagement from your social media messages. Step 1: Type your social media message into the Social Message  Optimizer and hit Score My Message! Step 2: Review your messages performance on each social network. Step 3: Follow the prompts from the Social Message  Optimizer to  improve your messages score for each network. Step 4: Get more likes, comments, shares, and link clicks for every social media message you schedule.  Ã°Å¸â„¢Å' Why Should You Use (AKA Be Super Excited About) The Social Message  Optimizer? The Social Message  Optimizer is backed by data from  6,399,322 of the top social media messages sent through . Yep. ^^ Thats kinda crazy. The question we aimed to answer with the study: What are the mechanics behind the most engaging social media messages? Because Engagement is a huge word in social media marketing these days. Sharing engaging content helps you build a loyal social media following. So†¦ how can you do that? Use the free Social Message  Optimizer from your friends at . 😉 It’s like having a data-driven social media consultant at your fingertips to help you optimize your shares. The Social Message  Optimizer analyzes your Message type: Should you use link, image, video, or text?  You may be surprised  about the messages that tend to get the most engagement on the specific social networks. Characters: How long should your social media message be? There is an ideal length for maximum engagement on every  network. Hashtags: How many hashtags should you use? Some networks do best with zero whereas others require a few. Emojis: Should you use emojis in your message? And if so, how many? Sentiment: Is your message positive or negative? Pull on those emotional heartstrings to get even more engagement. and it gives you a score for every social network. Your goal is to get a score of 70 or higher. So now youll  forget the overwhelming process of trying to remember all the mechanics/best practices behind writing amazing social media messages. You’ll get immediate feedback from the Social Message  Optimizer to improve fast. And all of that will boost your engagement. Imagine way more likes, comments, shares, and link clicks.  Youll easily optimize your messages to increase your reach on every network. When Will  The Social Message  Optimizer Launch? The Social Message  Optimizer is scheduled to launch in May 2017. That is subject to change, so you should stay tuned. Again, you can subscribe to this special email list to get updates and be the first to know when the Social Message  Optimizer is  live

Evaluate the factors necessary for a successful multicultural Essay

Evaluate the factors necessary for a successful multicultural workplace - Essay Example How can we enable excellence at work and leverage on the diversity of culture, given the practical challenges brought about by human differences? While there are multiple factors which influence, impinge upon and determine the extent of success of any workplace, here we examine only those factors that have a bearing on the cultural aspect of the divergence. We also examine the challenges specific to a multicultural workforce and examine the factors that are necessary to make a success of the business operations in such an environment. Business is about people. A well-adjusted and satisfied workforce is the corner-stone of a successful business. A business or a transaction is largely, if not wholly, dependent on communication, which, as we will examine more closely later on, is almost inseparable from the underlying culture of the people involved. This is why it is of essence to understand this fact and hence expend effort towards creating a work culture that utilizes and thrives on the divergence of its workforce rather than allow the differences to create problems leading to an ineffective working environment. Culture in inherent. We live it, breathe it, represent it, but take it for granted. We are almost always affected by the underlying influence of culture but most of the time not conscious of it. Culture not only dictates how we live and behave, it also intrinsically determines the patterns of our reaction to people from other cultures. So what is culture then? Summarizing the many, varied and meaningful definitions, culture can be understood to be the window through which we view the outside world. It is the looking glass which colours what we see around us. It is the primary determining factor on how we speak, behave, work, grow and react to the world around. In the context of business, culture determines our practices and business communication. Business does not occur in vacuum. Nor is the business context, neutral. Business

Internal Auditing, 4 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internal Auditing, 4 questions - Essay Example The complex activities are to be controlled by managements of the organizations, and in the case of companies, naturally the first target is the Board of Directors of such organization made responsible to formulate proper policies, to control the various activities, the organization carries our in different countries, with cross cultures , different moral values, and different customer loyalties. One can see Nescafe, Cadbury product, Lux , Colgate ,cocoa cola, Pepsi, Philips, Sony, Motorola, Toyota and a host of consumer products available through out the world, where customers vary, their cultures vary, but they are bound by these products, which speaks of their qualityThese products made their own language.. For making such universal names, just like the saying that behind every successful man there is a successful woman, behind every successful organization, definitely there is a sound, solid, successful management structure with reliable management principles and policies, to operate their businesses across globe. These managements are successful, because of their management policies, which involve various control systems. Managements strength lies in the policies, they frame, and implementation of those policies, by establishing, various controls, at different levels of management. The first in the management hierarchy, na... Organisation structure --Controlenvironment basically includes the organization structure it self. Management's processes involve planning, organising, and directing the business activities, with the assistance of sound management structure. Different levels of management means-- Management by Board and its subcommittees, top management teams, middle and or functional management teams, operating or supervisory management teams. Boardand StrategicTop Management Middle or Functional Management Operating or Supervisory Management. The first in the management hierarchy, namely the board and top strategic management , formulate (i) the vision, (ii) mission, (iii) objectives of the organization,(iv) long term strategic plans ( ranging from 2 to 5 years period)and approve the plans and strategies prepared by other management structures. Functional management prepares strategiesandshort term plans ranging for six months to a two -year period. Operating management prepares operating plans and operating strategies that will range from one week to six months period. All these plans and strategies should be falling with in the top management plans and strategies. Once they are implemented in true spirit, the organization gives excellent results in all directions. But it is not so simple in the present day organisations. Organisation should have proper control systems in place, and internal audit activity exists to give reasonable assurance to the management that the control environment exists, andcontrol systems established by the management are efficient, effective and economical. Assignment of Authority and responsibility-- Managements function throughby fixing responsibilities on the individual mangers, and

America’s cause Essay Example for Free

America’s cause Essay But he calmly proceeded to act his part, pretending not the least bothered by the gut-wrenching ride over a swirling sea. The following day he received this message from the Navy Department: â€Å"Dear Mr. Wayne- we are pleased to record this latest addition to naval lore. To the immortal expression, ‘damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead,’ we now add your own memorable words, ‘get me out of this son of a bitch! ’†(Wayne168-169). Wayne spoke the American language well. Once, asked by a reporter about his rumored plan to run for president, Wayne said, â€Å"Bullshit. † When asked to give a definite comment, Wayne told him to use the word. The following day, this news item appeared: â€Å"When Mr. Wayne was questioned about the possibility of running for national office, he replied ‘Bt! †(Wayne 162). Americans responded to John Wayne in a manner different from other stars of his generation. Other actors simply shed off their screen personae after the lights went off; not so Wayne. Although little was written about his private life (marriage, romantic affairs) until after his death, his public life was an open book that maintained and reinforced the John Wayne mystique. He was a natural treasure who was loved and respected. In 1979 he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. In 1998, an Army RAH-66 helicopter was named â€Å"Duke† in his honor. He wore a POW bracelet to show his sympathy with the fighting men in Viet Nam. Speaking extemporaneously before a subcommittee hearing in connection with the bill for the Congressional Gold Medal, Maureen O’Hara Blair, Wayne’s co-star in The Quiet Man, spoke for Wayne: â€Å"He is, believe me, the United States of America. He is a man that has a code of beliefs that he sticks with. He believes in individual responsibility and honor. † Said Reagan of Wayne: I never saw Duke display hatred toward those who scorned him. Oh, he could use some pretty salty language, but he would not tolerate pettiness and hate. He was human all right: he drank enough whiskey to float a PT boat, though he never drank on the job. . . he was virtually always the first to arrive on the set and the last to leave. World War II helped to define what John Wayne stood for. Unable to join the Navy due to an old football injury, his age (34), and being a father of four, Wayne did his part in the war by making movies about America’s fighting men. He appeared minus his horse and six-shooter in memorable films like the Fighting Seabees, Flying Tigers, Reunion in France, They Were Expendable, and Back to Bataan. The 1949 film Sands of Iwo Jima earned Wayne his first Oscar nomination. These films did not have the nauseating gore and graphic violence of present-day war movies, but they exalted the heroism of ordinary men, and people related to them well. Wayne had made it a point not to accept any role that was un-American or tended to denigrate the United States or the American tradition. At a time when he was nearly bankrupt, Wayne bankrolled, starred in, and directed the epic The Alamo, which had been his dream project of many years. In it, playing the role of Davy Crockett, he described the defenders’ role as they waited for the approaching battle with Santa Anna: â€Å"There’s right and there’s wrong. You got to do one or the other. You do the one and you’re living. You do the other and you may be walking around, but you’re as dead as a beaver hat. † As Crockett, he voiced out the timeless yearning of the Texans for independence: â€Å"It means people can live free, talk free, go or come, buy or sell, be drunk or sober, however they choose. † John Wayne did not win on Oscar for The Alamo (except for Best Sound) although it received six nominations, but people came in droves to see the movie. Besides his classic westerns and war pictures, The Alamo is one of his lasting legacies. John Wayne is often equated with conservatism. He was the product of an age when Americans were proud of their heritage, conscious of their country’s new role as a world power and sincerely believed in the righteousness of America’s cause. He was born when Theodore Roosevelt was president, a man who believed in Manifest Destiny and was wont to â€Å"speak softly, but carry a big stick. † Wayne belonged to a generation yet untouched by pangs of national self-doubt, unstricken by remorse over purported wrongs committed by the white man against the natives, the blacks, the Vietnamese, the American youth who were being sent to die in remote battlefields. This was the turbulent 60’s, an age when young Americans were seduced by flower power, discovered new ideologies, adopted a libertarian attitude and opposed any kind of war. In a nation divided by war, John Wayne was seemingly a lonely figure as young Americans felt shame for everything America ever did in the course of her ascent to world dominance. A friend of Senators Barry Goldwater and Joe McCarthy, and former President Ronald Reagan, John Wayne was Republican to the core. Against the weakening of American resolve, John Wayne’s tenacious adherence to the American tradition of duty and honor could only be seen as naivete – sprung from the good guy–bad guy scenarios in his celluloid world. From the 40’s to the 60’s, the Left made inroads in school campuses where teach-ins became common, swaying many of the youth to the new ideology, and threatening to undermine the foundations of the country’s democratic system. Due to its potentials for propaganda, the movie industry was targeted and there were rumors that some Hollywood figures had embraced socialism. In 1944, Wayne helped found the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, in the company of other giants like Clark Gable, Gary Cooper, Walt Disney, and Robert Taylor. He later became president of the association for two terms. He was outspoken against the communist threat. He was mistaken for an archconservative and accused of blackballing movie personalities who refused to cooperate in Congressional hearings, although he never testified, nor did he blackball anybody (Wayne 55). His being perceived as a staunch anti-communist even gave rise to rumors that the late Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin plotted to have him murdered (Soviet Dictator).

Motifs In A Prayer For Owen Me :: essays research papers

Owen Meany Motif   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving has many different motifs. One dominant motif is armlessness. Armlessness was a reoccurring motif throughout the story and came up in many occasions. It seems to symbolize helplessness or being under your own control. There are a variety of things throughout the novel that gives off that feeling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The armadillo was very dear to John. He had gotten it from Dan Needham the only gift he kept from one of his mother’s beaus. It had great sentimental value to him and to young Owen who had also become attached to it. That’s why it showed great emotional distress on Owen’s part when he removed the claws of the armadillo. He did this when he had hit Johnny’s mother with the foul ball that killed her. Dan had interpreted it as trying to say that Owen was helpless now and that he couldn’t do anything to change what he had done on accident. Though that might be the partial truth it could also symbolize something different. Almost saying that he is the armadillo and he wasn’t in control of himself, but was the instrument of God. His hands were not his own. Though the armadillo never recovered from the declawing, it had mended John and Owen’s friendship and helped ease some of the pain of that situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The statue of Mary Magdalene sat in front of a concrete arch. “She was like a goalie protecting her goal,'; John had noted. Owen had sawn off her arms when he was expelled from Gravesend Academy. This might also symbolize Owen’s helplessness, not being able to change what had happened. When the statue is returned John notes that she is unable to protect her goal.

Calculating Correlation Values for Categorical Data

Calculating correlation values for categorical data In order to find the correlation values for the fields in our data set, The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used. This requires that the data in both fields be quantitative. But what if we were looking to calculate the correlation on two given fields that were say, numerical and categorical, or even both categorical. The Point Biserial coefficient is a special case of The Pearson Correlation Coefficient; it is a branch of PCC although they are mathematically equivalent.It is used when one field has quantitative data and the other has categorical values, specifically categorical data that can only be one of two options for example gender. To calculate the PBC the data is divided between the two values of the dichotomous data, where the two values of this field are given the values 0 and 1. The distribution of the data will in general show the frequencies for each value and can be used to show how well two fields are correlated.Sp earman’s Rank Order Coefficient is a method of estimating correlation between data that is nominal and importantly must be ordered. It checks how well the relationship between the two fields can be described using a monotonic function Another method for calculating the correlation is the Chi squared Test, this requires data to be classified and frequencies worked out in a table. From this table the correlations can be determined using the Chi Square Test, this works on any pair of nominal or categorical fields